According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, over 90% of the global stroke burden is caused by modifiable risk factors (Feigin LV, et.al., 2016).
Behavioral habits such as smoking, poor diet, and limited physical activity contribute to roughly 74% of this figure. Additionally, metabolic factors like high blood pressure and cholesterol level account for another significant portion.
Achieving control of behavioral and metabolic risk factors could avert more than three-quarters of the global stroke burden.
Globally there were no significant differences between sexes in the proportion of stroke burden due to behavioral, environmental, and metabolic risk clusters, except for the low-income and middle-income countries, where males were at greater risk than females.
Surprisingly, air pollution alone is responsible for nearly 30% of global stroke cases.
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Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27291521/
Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M, Parmar P, Krishnamurthi R, Chugh S, Mensah GA, Norrving B, Shiue I, Ng M, Estep K, Cercy K, Murray CJL, Forouzanfar MH. Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2013 and Stroke Experts Writing Group. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Aug;15(9):913-924.