Do you feel stiff or experience aches and pain?

If you do, you have increased free radical damage and low-grade inflammation which is getting more and more common as we get older.

When free radicals damage tissue, inflammation is triggered. This type of inflammation spreads throughout the body and can be measured in the blood.

Not only can this create discomfort, but science recognizes this type of inflammation as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions.

That’s the reason the Curcumin-4 was developed.

Below you will find references to research for each ingredient in the formula, that way you can see some of the results science has documented.

All of the ingredients reduce inflammatory cytokines (inflammatory substances). The patented form of curcumin used in the Curcumin-4 has revealed enhanced absorption and improved pharmacokinetics (Pandaran Sudheeran S, et.al., 2016). Studies have shown that curcumin reduces several inflammatory cytokines, these are some examples IL-1beta, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha and IL-6 (Panahi Y, et.al., 2016, Derosa G, et.al., 2016, Buhrmann C, et.al., 2011, Shakibaei M, et.al., 2007).

Hops have also been found to reduce inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappaB and reducing the activity IL-2 and TNF-alpha among other immune regulators (Gao X, et.al., 2009).

Ginger is another of the ingredients which have shown to inhibit both cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase which helps reduce inflammatory and pain-producing prostaglandins (Grzanna R, et.al., 2005).

Boswellia was added since research indicates that boswellicacid inhibits microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 which reduces prostaglandin E2, an inflammatory and pain-producing substance (Abdel-Tawab M, et.al., 2011).

References:

Abdel-Tawab M1, Werz O, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Boswellia serrata: an overall assessment of in vitro, preclinical, pharmacokinetic and clinical data. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011 Jun;50(6):349-69.

Buhrmann C, Mobasheri A, Busch F, Aldinger C, Stahlmann R, Montaseri A, Shakibaei M. Curcumin modulates nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-mediated inflammation in human tenocytes in vitro: role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 12;286(32):28556-66.

Derosa G, Maffioli P, Simental-Mendía LE, Bo S, Sahebkar A.Effect of curcumin on circulating interleukin-6 concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res. 2016 Sep;111:394-404.

Gao X1, Deeb D, Liu Y, Gautam S, Dulchavsky SA, Gautam SC. Immunomodulatory activity of xanthohumol: inhibition of T cell proliferation, cell-mediated cytotoxicity and Th1 cytokine production through suppression of NF-kappaB. ImmunopharmacolImmunotoxicol. 2009;31(3):477-84.

Grzanna R1, Lindmark L, Frondoza CG. Ginger–an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. J Med Food. 2005 Summer;8(2):125-32.

Panahi Y, Hosseini MS, Khalili N, Naimi E, Simental-MendíaLE, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Effects of curcumin on serum cytokine concentrations in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Aug;82:578-82.

Pandaran Sudheeran S, Jacob D, Natinga Mulakal J, GopinathanNair G, Maliakel A, Maliakel B, Kuttan R, Im K. Safety, Tolerance, and Enhanced Efficacy of a Bioavailable Formulation of Curcumin With Fenugreek Dietary Fiber on Occupational Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016 Jun;36(3):236-43.

Shakibaei M, John T, Schulze-Tanzil G, Lehmann I, MobasheriA. Suppression of NF-kappaB activation by curcumin leads to inhibition of expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human articular chondrocytes: Implications for the treatment of osteoarthritis. BiochemPharmacol. 2007 May 1;73(9):1434-45.